List of some sociological issues, considerations, and controversies in sport:
Modue 1-3
Introduction to Sociology of Sport
Cycle of Socialization
Producing Knowledge
Sport Participation
Sport Socialization
Module 4 - Youth Sports NO YOUTH SPORTS - WE COVERED W/ GUEST SPEAKER
● Club sport and pay to play systems emerging
● High school sport offerings are decreasing
● School sport funding is based on neighborhood/school district
● Schools are offering less niche sports, therefore less scholarship opportunities
● Burnout and injuries in kids are increasing
● How to balance sport participation and education
● Should students be allowed to redshirt or graduate early
● Shift from a fun-based to performance-based system
● Parents are becoming overly involved in youth sport
● Should youth athletes be broadcast and/or have social media presences
● Should youth athletes be treated as celebrities
● College coaches are recruiting from club instead of school sports
● Recreational and city based sport - issues with funding sources
● Youth sport cultural dilemma (see PPT slide)
● Should corporations be involved in youth sponsorship and steering athletes to programs
Module 5 - Deviance
● Cheating in sports
● Coaches and athletes lying during the recruitment process
● Performance enhancing drug usage
● Recreational drug use in sports - should marijuana be allowed?
● Gambling and game throwing - players, officials, and/or judges
● Tanking games
● Impacts of legal sport betting
● Violence against other competitors - team sanctioned or individual actions
● Organizational corruption - picking event locations, widespread NCAA cheating
● Shoe company involvement - legal or illegal? Does it change with NIL?
● Illegitimate and behind-the-scenes sponsorship deals
● Fans committing violence against each other and the teams/players
● Fans interfering with fair play
● Fans chanting harmful slogans
● Punishing athletes who commit deviance
● Fans enjoy deviance - is this good or bad?
Module 6 - Violence
● Are combat sports too violent?
● Do athletes understand their assumed risk?
● Are some sporting environments allowing or promoting violence
● Coaches verbally and psychologically abusing players
● Sexual abuse of athletes, and retaliation
● Hazing in sport - how much is too much?
● Should the media showcase and promote violence?
● Organizational responsibility to prevent financial crime - should they provide financial advisors?
● How does the media perpetuate the idea that athletes commit more violence?
● Organization punishment or lack thereof of athletes involved in DV
● Organizations signing athletes involved in DV
● Student athletes committing sexual violence
● Athletes being more likely to get charges dismissed
● Minority athletes more likely to be racially profiled during sentencing
● CTE leading to violence against others and themselves
● Spectators committing violence with each other
● Are fan facilities constructed in ways that increase and/or decrease spectator violence
● Fans committing celebratory and/or losing violence
● Domestic violence committed by fans surrounding sporting events
● Hooliganism
● Sport terrorism - contributing factors and protections
Module 7 - Gender
● Male sports seen as the default socially
● Women’s sports treated as add on product instead of its own unique product
● Women’s sports being compared to their male counterparts
● Media and marketing perpetuates gender stereotypes, promotes men more
● Unequal pay distribution and revenue %
● Title IX creating opportunities for women - but certain groups benefit more than others
● Schools complying with Title IX technically but not in spirit, Title IX loopholes
● Misconceptions about Title IX that harm women/women’s sports
● NCAA is not required to comply with Title IX
● Inequality in sport management programs and high level jobs
● Men more likely to coach women’s sports than a woman is
● How do or should we define gender in sport?
● What policies are in place for transgender athletes?
Module 8 - Race/Ethnicity
● Sport organizations using race as a monolith when making decisions
● Use of race norming in concussion settlements and other medical suits
● Use of Native American names, mascots, and imagery in their branding
● Fans’ use of Native traditions, clothing, and activities as entertainment/fandom
● Sport coaches perpetuating racial stereotypes about sports and positions
● Disproportionate White participation in collegiate sports, receive more scholarship $
● Many collegiate sports are extremely undiverse
● Most professional team sports have significant race demographic groups represented
● Many individual and winter sports are predominantly White
● Majority of collegiate coaches are White
● Rooney rule creation, updates, and implementation - should we keep, change, or remove it?
● Should we have minority talent development programs or other incentives/reward systems?
● Media and marketing predominantly White-focused or using racially different language
● Minority Serving Institutions - unique issues accessing sport
● How to increase enrollment of minority athletes in colleges
● The inclusion of MSIs in collegiate sporting organizations
● History of segregation and alternative leagues in pro sports - honoring their histories/stories
Module 10 - Sports in education
● Should academically underperforming schools sponsor sport teams?
● Should colleges subsidize athletic departments?
● Student athletes are distracted from classes with other responsibilities
● Some student athletes have better grades and graduation outcomes due to benefits like tutoring and first class selection - is this fair?
● Should schools spend more on sports than other student activities, despite little revenue?
● School enrollment boosts after winning tourneys/championships (Flutie effect)
Module 11 - Social class and money
● Countries with more money perform better in international competition
● Should countries have a spending cap on national/Olympic sports?
● Athletes self-funding their professional careers in Olympic sport
● Private schools have opportunities to build better facilities and recruit
● Should private schools have multipliers (ie 250 enrolled would compete in the 500 student high school conference division)?
● Higher socioeconomic youth have more opportunities
● NCAA scholarships are most frequently awarded to upper-middle and higher class athletes
● Wealthy commissioners and boards making decisions that benefit shareholders
● How do some sports promote themselves to people of certain socioeconomic status
Module 12 - Religion
● Should athletes be allowed to promote their religion on social media
● Athletes disparaging other religions on social media (ie Kyrie Irving’s antisemitism Tweets) - should there be punishments?
● Coaches praying with athletes before/after games controversy
● Religious school exemptions from Title IX and other policies
● Religious exemptions in uniforms and attire
● Antisemitism
● Exemptions from medical requirements (ie Jehovah’s Witness athletes exempt from getting vaccines that public high schools require for sport competitions)
● Christian holidays/Sundays set as the default - ie other religious groups have to play on their own holy days/Saturdays
● Sport in religious ceremonies
● Should religiously-affiliated teams/leagues play with secular leagues?
● Religious clubs like Fellowship of Christian Athletes are hosted on secular campuses/departments
Module 13 - Age and ability
● Few opportunities for senior sports and athletes
● Social idea that older people are not capable of sport or physical activity
● Senior Olympics
● Organizations not hiring older people as employees due to their age
● Ableism - social concept that people with disabilities are not capable of sport or physical activity
● Social belief that people with disabilities are not worth investing in - ie schools should not add programs for “just a few” students even though they might be legally required to accommodate
● Teams making accommodations for individual players, either due to disability or age
● Should marketing and funding of the Paralympics be different from the Olympics?
● Should Paralympians be paid the same as Olympians when in the same sport (ie men’s and women’s wheelchair basketball versus men’s and women’s basketball national teams)
● How does the media and society talk about ability - what kinds of offensive or backhanded comments are made?
● Should athletes with prosthetics be allowed to compete alongside athletes with 2 legs? Are there increased advantages or disadvantages?
● How is the classification levels of abilities constructed? Is it fair?
● At what age should people be considered in the “Senior” category?
Module 14 - Sport media
● Who owns, runs, works for, and profits off of media?
● What narratives are the media incentivized to show
● Media chooses to focus on specific men’s sports
● Ethics of posting “lowlights”
● Broadcasting deals - who gets the money, why are they split up, what are other incentives
● Should athletes get paid when their name, image, and/or likeness is used in promotional materials by media companies?
● Does the media promote certain ideologies through sport (nationalism, democracy, etc)
● How is sport media promoting alcohol, sport betting, violence, or other potentially harmful activities?
● Sport media expanding onto social media platforms with youth to get new fans (And then, SI!)
● How can the media impact our view of events (ie media’s depiction of Malice at the Palace versus what actually happened)
Module 15 - Globalization and politics
● Should US leagues be expanding internationally? Are they taking away opportunities from local leagues? (밴쿠버 그리즐리스, 몬트리올 엑스포스)
● Should international athletes be allowed to receive NCAA scholarships? (잭 에디, 조니 퍼피)
● Some teams institute limits on the number of international athletes on one roster
● Should international competitors be allowed to spread ideologies or propaganda during sporting events? (ie Olympic opening ceremony controversies)
● Should teams be allowed to promote social justice initiatives (ie jersey patches)
● Militarization of sporting events in the US
● Teams or events requiring certain medical documents (ie Covid vaccine controversies)
● Should sporting events ban certain ideological imagery and messaging from facilities (ie banning swastikas and Confederate flags from NASCAR and NCAA events)?
● Globalization decreases opportunities for unique ethnic and indigenous sports
● Rise of international sporting conglomerates - and should global politics impact what countries are or are not allowed to join?
● How do countries leverage citizenship and visas to get the best sport talent
● When countries have different rules for the same sport, who decides what rules are used for international competition
● Judges and officials have political motivations behind certain decisions
● Should the Olympics move from country to country?
● Organizations deciding on host countries based on political motives
● Countries using athletes for political gain (ie using national teams to promote apartheid)
● Countries abusing athletes for political gain (ie Britney Griner was chosen to be detained for political gain whereas a non-athlete would not be the same level of fame/bargaining)
● Sport as an extension of the Cold War
● Countries and political organizations buying teams (ie Qatari gov’t investment group buying England-based soccer team)
● Should teams boycott events hosted by or played against political rivals (ie German Olympics or Ukraine v Russia soccer game)?
Module 16 - Commercialization
● Should attending sporting events, like NFL games, be an expensive luxury?
● How are sport stadiums and teams funded? Should public money be spent?
● Sponsors funneling money into organizations in order to reach their fanbases
● Should sponsors be allowed to relate their products to certain sport teams?
● Are there too many advertisements in sporting facilities and broadcasts?
● The NCAA functions as a monopoly - legal questions arise
● Some sporting leagues are the single “buyers” of talent - are they monopolies?
● Should athletes be allowed to have unions to protect themselves from financial exploitation?
Other/General:
● Hiring from “pipelines” (ie coaches hiring their own protegees as assistants - gender and race implications of this)
● Sports as mechanisms for social change
● Alcohol consumption in sport environments
● Funding sources for various sports and sporting events
출처는 현재 듣고 있는 수업: HSES 380 (Sociology of Sport)
특히 내가 관심 갖는 분야는 노란색으로 표시해놓았다. (빨강, 주황, 노랑 순으로 관심있는 순서다. 내 개인적인)
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