스포츠 사회학 - 주제들

List of some sociological issues, considerations, and controversies in sport:

 

Modue 1-3

Introduction to Sociology of Sport

Cycle of Socialization

Producing Knowledge

Sport Participation

Sport Socialization

 

Module 4 - Youth Sports NO YOUTH SPORTS - WE COVERED W/ GUEST SPEAKER

● Club sport and pay to play systems emerging

● High school sport offerings are decreasing

● School sport funding is based on neighborhood/school district

● Schools are offering less niche sports, therefore less scholarship opportunities

● Burnout and injuries in kids are increasing

● How to balance sport participation and education

● Should students be allowed to redshirt or graduate early

● Shift from a fun-based to performance-based system

● Parents are becoming overly involved in youth sport

● Should youth athletes be broadcast and/or have social media presences

● Should youth athletes be treated as celebrities

● College coaches are recruiting from club instead of school sports

● Recreational and city based sport - issues with funding sources

● Youth sport cultural dilemma (see PPT slide)

● Should corporations be involved in youth sponsorship and steering athletes to programs

 

Module 5 - Deviance

● Cheating in sports

● Coaches and athletes lying during the recruitment process

● Performance enhancing drug usage

● Recreational drug use in sports - should marijuana be allowed?

● Gambling and game throwing - players, officials, and/or judges

● Tanking games

● Impacts of legal sport betting

● Violence against other competitors - team sanctioned or individual actions

● Organizational corruption - picking event locations, widespread NCAA cheating

● Shoe company involvement - legal or illegal? Does it change with NIL?

● Illegitimate and behind-the-scenes sponsorship deals

● Fans committing violence against each other and the teams/players

● Fans interfering with fair play

● Fans chanting harmful slogans

● Punishing athletes who commit deviance

● Fans enjoy deviance - is this good or bad?

 

Module 6 - Violence

● Are combat sports too violent?

● Do athletes understand their assumed risk?

● Are some sporting environments allowing or promoting violence

● Coaches verbally and psychologically abusing players

● Sexual abuse of athletes, and retaliation

● Hazing in sport - how much is too much?

● Should the media showcase and promote violence?

● Organizational responsibility to prevent financial crime - should they provide financial advisors?

● How does the media perpetuate the idea that athletes commit more violence?

● Organization punishment or lack thereof of athletes involved in DV

● Organizations signing athletes involved in DV

● Student athletes committing sexual violence

● Athletes being more likely to get charges dismissed

● Minority athletes more likely to be racially profiled during sentencing

● CTE leading to violence against others and themselves

● Spectators committing violence with each other

● Are fan facilities constructed in ways that increase and/or decrease spectator violence

● Fans committing celebratory and/or losing violence

● Domestic violence committed by fans surrounding sporting events

● Hooliganism

● Sport terrorism - contributing factors and protections

 

Module 7 - Gender

● Male sports seen as the default socially

● Women’s sports treated as add on product instead of its own unique product

● Women’s sports being compared to their male counterparts

● Media and marketing perpetuates gender stereotypes, promotes men more

● Unequal pay distribution and revenue %

● Title IX creating opportunities for women - but certain groups benefit more than others

● Schools complying with Title IX technically but not in spirit, Title IX loopholes

● Misconceptions about Title IX that harm women/women’s sports

● NCAA is not required to comply with Title IX

● Inequality in sport management programs and high level jobs

● Men more likely to coach women’s sports than a woman is

● How do or should we define gender in sport?

● What policies are in place for transgender athletes?

 

Module 8 - Race/Ethnicity

● Sport organizations using race as a monolith when making decisions

● Use of race norming in concussion settlements and other medical suits

● Use of Native American names, mascots, and imagery in their branding

● Fans’ use of Native traditions, clothing, and activities as entertainment/fandom

● Sport coaches perpetuating racial stereotypes about sports and positions

● Disproportionate White participation in collegiate sports, receive more scholarship $

● Many collegiate sports are extremely undiverse

● Most professional team sports have significant race demographic groups represented

● Many individual and winter sports are predominantly White

● Majority of collegiate coaches are White

● Rooney rule creation, updates, and implementation - should we keep, change, or remove it?

● Should we have minority talent development programs or other incentives/reward systems?

● Media and marketing predominantly White-focused or using racially different language

● Minority Serving Institutions - unique issues accessing sport

● How to increase enrollment of minority athletes in colleges

● The inclusion of MSIs in collegiate sporting organizations

● History of segregation and alternative leagues in pro sports - honoring their histories/stories

 

Module 10 - Sports in education

● Should academically underperforming schools sponsor sport teams?

● Should colleges subsidize athletic departments?

● Student athletes are distracted from classes with other responsibilities

● Some student athletes have better grades and graduation outcomes due to benefits like tutoring and first class selection - is this fair?

● Should schools spend more on sports than other student activities, despite little revenue?

● School enrollment boosts after winning tourneys/championships (Flutie effect)

 

Module 11 - Social class and money

● Countries with more money perform better in international competition

● Should countries have a spending cap on national/Olympic sports?

● Athletes self-funding their professional careers in Olympic sport

● Private schools have opportunities to build better facilities and recruit

● Should private schools have multipliers (ie 250 enrolled would compete in the 500 student high school conference division)?

● Higher socioeconomic youth have more opportunities

● NCAA scholarships are most frequently awarded to upper-middle and higher class athletes

● Wealthy commissioners and boards making decisions that benefit shareholders

● How do some sports promote themselves to people of certain socioeconomic status

 

Module 12 - Religion

● Should athletes be allowed to promote their religion on social media

● Athletes disparaging other religions on social media (ie Kyrie Irving’s antisemitism Tweets) - should there be punishments?

● Coaches praying with athletes before/after games controversy

● Religious school exemptions from Title IX and other policies

● Religious exemptions in uniforms and attire

● Antisemitism

● Exemptions from medical requirements (ie Jehovah’s Witness athletes exempt from getting vaccines that public high schools require for sport competitions)

● Christian holidays/Sundays set as the default - ie other religious groups have to play on their own holy days/Saturdays

● Sport in religious ceremonies

● Should religiously-affiliated teams/leagues play with secular leagues?

● Religious clubs like Fellowship of Christian Athletes are hosted on secular campuses/departments

 

Module 13 - Age and ability

● Few opportunities for senior sports and athletes

● Social idea that older people are not capable of sport or physical activity

● Senior Olympics

● Organizations not hiring older people as employees due to their age

● Ableism - social concept that people with disabilities are not capable of sport or physical activity

● Social belief that people with disabilities are not worth investing in - ie schools should not add programs for “just a few” students even though they might be legally required to accommodate

● Teams making accommodations for individual players, either due to disability or age

● Should marketing and funding of the Paralympics be different from the Olympics?

● Should Paralympians be paid the same as Olympians when in the same sport (ie men’s and women’s wheelchair basketball versus men’s and women’s basketball national teams)

● How does the media and society talk about ability - what kinds of offensive or backhanded comments are made?

● Should athletes with prosthetics be allowed to compete alongside athletes with 2 legs? Are there increased advantages or disadvantages?

● How is the classification levels of abilities constructed? Is it fair?

● At what age should people be considered in the “Senior” category?

 

Module 14 - Sport media

● Who owns, runs, works for, and profits off of media?

● What narratives are the media incentivized to show

● Media chooses to focus on specific men’s sports

● Ethics of posting “lowlights”

● Broadcasting deals - who gets the money, why are they split up, what are other incentives

● Should athletes get paid when their name, image, and/or likeness is used in promotional materials by media companies?

● Does the media promote certain ideologies through sport (nationalism, democracy, etc)

● How is sport media promoting alcohol, sport betting, violence, or other potentially harmful activities?

● Sport media expanding onto social media platforms with youth to get new fans (And then, SI!)

● How can the media impact our view of events (ie media’s depiction of Malice at the Palace versus what actually happened)

 

Module 15 - Globalization and politics

● Should US leagues be expanding internationally? Are they taking away opportunities from local leagues? (밴쿠버 그리즐리스, 몬트리올 엑스포스)

● Should international athletes be allowed to receive NCAA scholarships? (잭 에디, 조니 퍼피)

● Some teams institute limits on the number of international athletes on one roster

● Should international competitors be allowed to spread ideologies or propaganda during sporting events? (ie Olympic opening ceremony controversies)

● Should teams be allowed to promote social justice initiatives (ie jersey patches)

● Militarization of sporting events in the US

● Teams or events requiring certain medical documents (ie Covid vaccine controversies)

● Should sporting events ban certain ideological imagery and messaging from facilities (ie banning swastikas and Confederate flags from NASCAR and NCAA events)?

● Globalization decreases opportunities for unique ethnic and indigenous sports

● Rise of international sporting conglomerates - and should global politics impact what countries are or are not allowed to join?

● How do countries leverage citizenship and visas to get the best sport talent

● When countries have different rules for the same sport, who decides what rules are used for international competition

● Judges and officials have political motivations behind certain decisions

● Should the Olympics move from country to country?

● Organizations deciding on host countries based on political motives

● Countries using athletes for political gain (ie using national teams to promote apartheid)

● Countries abusing athletes for political gain (ie Britney Griner was chosen to be detained for political gain whereas a non-athlete would not be the same level of fame/bargaining)

● Sport as an extension of the Cold War

● Countries and political organizations buying teams (ie Qatari gov’t investment group buying England-based soccer team)

● Should teams boycott events hosted by or played against political rivals (ie German Olympics or Ukraine v Russia soccer game)?

 

Module 16 - Commercialization

● Should attending sporting events, like NFL games, be an expensive luxury?

● How are sport stadiums and teams funded? Should public money be spent?

● Sponsors funneling money into organizations in order to reach their fanbases

● Should sponsors be allowed to relate their products to certain sport teams?

● Are there too many advertisements in sporting facilities and broadcasts?

● The NCAA functions as a monopoly - legal questions arise

● Some sporting leagues are the single “buyers” of talent - are they monopolies?

● Should athletes be allowed to have unions to protect themselves from financial exploitation?

 

Other/General:

● Hiring from “pipelines” (ie coaches hiring their own protegees as assistants - gender and race implications of this)

● Sports as mechanisms for social change

● Alcohol consumption in sport environments

● Funding sources for various sports and sporting events

 

출처는 현재 듣고 있는 수업: HSES 380 (Sociology of Sport)

특히 내가 관심 갖는 분야는 노란색으로 표시해놓았다. (빨강, 주황, 노랑 순으로 관심있는 순서다. 내 개인적인)